The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Ion Exchange Properties of Caesium-Selective Ammonium Phosphomolybdate-Polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN) Composites under Spent Fuel Recycling Conditions

Abstract

The caesium radioisotopes 134Cs, 135Cs, and 137Cs are highly problematic medium-lived species produced during nuclear fission, due to their high radioactivity and environmental mobility. While many ion exchange materials can readily isolate Cs+ ions from neutral or basic aqueous solutions, only ammonium phosphomolybdate (AMP) functions effectively in acidic conditions, removing caesium even down to trace levels. Composites of AMP in a porous polymeric support such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN) can be used to selectively remove Cs+ ions from acidic aqueous decontamination liquors as well as other liquid wastes, and are promising for the isolation of Cs+ isotopes in spent fuel reprocessing. While both AMP and PAN have demonstrable acid stability, and PAN has known resistance to gamma radiation, AMP-PAN composites have received only a limited analysis of their physiochemical and ion exchange performance following irradiation. In this publication, we explore the effect of high levels of gamma irradiation on the ion exchange properties of AMP and AMP-PAN as a Cs+-selective adsorbent under spent fuel dissolver liquor concentrations and acidity. We demonstrate no significant reduction in performance with respect to uptake kinetics or capacity upon irradiation, abiding by the same absorption mechanism observed in the established literature.