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Lewis, Michael 
ORCID: 0000-0001-5567-3569, Ireland, Jane Louise ORCID: 0000-0002-5117-5930, Abbott, Janice ORCID: 0000-0001-9851-1236 and Ireland, Carol Ann ORCID: 0000-0001-7310-2903
(2017)
Initial development of the Psychopathic Processing and Personality Assessment (PAPA) across populations.
International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 54
.
pp. 118-132.
ISSN 0160-2527
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2017.06.006
Abstract
Three studies describe development of the Psychopathic Processing and Personality Assessment (PAPA). Study one outlines a literature review and Expert Delphi (n = 32) to develop the initial PAPA. Study two validates the PAPA with 431 participants (121 male prisoners and 310 university students: 154 men, 156 women), also using the Levenson Self Report Psychopathy scale and a measure of cognitive schema and affect. Study three refined the PAPA, employing it with 50 male students and 40 male forensic psychiatric patients using clinical (interview) assessments of psychopathy: the Psychopathy Checklist – Screening Version and the Affect, Cognitive and Lifestyle assessment. The PAPA comprised four factors; dissocial tendencies; emotional detachment; disregard for others; and lack of sensitivity to emotion. It positively correlated with existing psychopathy measures. Variations across PAPA subscales were noted across samples when associated with clinical measures of psychopathy. Support for the validity of the PAPA was indicated across samples. Directions for research and application are outlined.
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