Raynaud's phenomenon

Abstract

Raynaud's phenomenon is a condition caused by vasospasm of the arteries, which blocks the blood flow to the extremities, usually the fingers and/or toes but may also affect the ears, nipples, lips and nose (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2014). The condition can be triggered by stress, anxiety and cold temperatures (NHS Choices, 2015). Primary Raynaud's refers to the condition which develops without any underlying cause, whereas secondary Raynaud's is mainly caused by an underlying connective tissue disorder (NICE, 2014). Patients with Raynaud's present with colour changes to the affected area (white, then blue, then red), often along with pain, numbness and pins and needles (NHS Choices, 2015).