The positive predictive value of asymmetrical skin creases in the diagnosis of pathological developmental dysplasia of the hip

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to identify the association between asymmetrical skin creases of the thigh, buttock or inguinal region and pathological developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Patients and Methods
Between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2016, all patients referred to our unit from primary or secondary care with risk factors for DDH were assessed in a “one stop” clinic. All had clinical and sonographic assessment by the senior author (RWP) with the results being recorded prospectively. The inclusion criteria for this study were babies and children referred with asymmetrical skin creases. Those with a neurological cause of DDH were excluded. The positive predictive value (PPV) for pathological DDH was calculated.

Results
A total of 105 patients met the inclusion criteria. There were 71 girls and 34 boys. Only two were found to have pathological DDH. Both also had unilateral limited abduction of the hip in flexion and a positive Galeazzi sign with apparent leg-length discrepancy. Thus, if the specialist examination of a patient with asymmetrical skin creases was normal, the PPV for DDH was 0%.

Conclusion
Isolated asymmetrical skin creases are an unreliable clinical sign in the diagnosis of pathological DDH. Greater emphasis should be placed on the presence of additional clinical signs to guide radiological screening in babies and children.