Efficient, Secure and Privacy-Preserving PMIPv6 Protocol for V2G Networks

Abstract

To ensure seamless communications between mobile Electric Vehicles (EVs) and EV power supply equipment, support for ubiquitous and transparent mobile IP communications is essential in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) networks. However, it initiates a range of privacy-related challenges as it is possible to track connected EVs through their mobile IP addresses. Recent works are mostly dedicated to solving authentication and privacy issues in V2G networks in general. Yet, they do not tackle the security and privacy challenges resulting from enabling mobile IP communications. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an Efficient, Secure and Privacy-preserving Proxy Mobile IPv6 (ESP-PMIPv6) protocol for the protection of mobile IP communications in V2G networks. ESP-PMIPv6 enables authorised EVs to acquire a mobile IPv6 address and access the V2G network in a secure and privacy-preserving manner. While ESP-PMIPv6 offers mutual authentication, identity anonymity and location unlinkability for the mobile EVs, it also achieves authorised traceability of misbehaving EVs through a novel collaborative tracking scheme. Formal and informal security analyses are conducted to prove that ESP-PMIPv6 meets these security and privacy goals. In addition, via a simulated assessment, the ESP-PMIPv6 is proven to achieve low authentication latency, low handover delay, and low packet loss rate in comparison with the PMIPv6 protocol.