Targeted Treatment Protocol in Patellofemoral Pain: Does Treatment Designed According to Subgroups Improve Clinical Outcomes in Patients Unresponsive to Multimodal Treatment?

Abstract

Background: Targeted intervention for subgroups is a promising approach for the management of patellofemoral pain.
Hypothesis: Treatment designed according to subgroups will improve clinical outcomes in patients unresponsive to
multimodal treatment.
Study Design: Prospective crossover intervention.
Level of Evidence: Level 3.
Methods: Patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP; n = 61; mean age, 27 ± 9 years) were enrolled. Patients with PFP
received standard multimodal treatment 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Patients not responding to multimodal treatment
were then classified into 1 of 3 subgroups (strong, weak and tight, and weak and pronated foot) using 6 simple clinical
tests. They were subsequently administered 6 further weeks of targeted intervention, designed according to subgroup
characteristics. Visual analog scale (VAS), perception of recovery scale (PRS), 5-Level European Quality 5 Dimensions (EQ-
5D-5L), and self-reported version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs scale (S-LANSS) were used
to assess pain, knee function, and quality of life before and after the interventions.
Results: In total, 34% (n = 21) of patients demonstrated recovery after multimodal treatment. However, over 70% (n =
29/40) of nonresponders demonstrated recovery after targeted treatment. The VAS, PRS, S-LANSS, and EQ-5D-5L scores
improved significantly after targeted intervention compared with after multimodal treatment (P < 0.001). The VAS score at
rest was significantly lower in the “weak and pronated foot” and the “weak and tight” subgroups (P = 0.011 and P = 0.008,
respectively). Posttreatment pain intensity on activity was significantly lower in the “strong” subgroup (P = 0.006).
Conclusion: Targeted treatment designed according to subgroup characteristics improves clinical outcomes in patients
unresponsive to multimodal treatment.
Clinical Relevance: Targeted intervention could be easily implemented after 6 simple clinical assessment tests to subgroup
patients into 1 of 3 subgroups (strong, weak and tight, and weak and pronated foot). Targeted interventions applied according
to the characteristics of these subgroups have more beneficial treatment effects than a current multimodal treatment program