Effects of second-generation and indoor sports surfaces on knee joint kinetics and kinematics during 45° and 180° cutting manoeuvres, and exploration using statistical parametric mapping and Bayesian analyses

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the current investigation was to examine the influence of second generation (2G) and indoor surfaces on knee joint kinetics, kinematics, frictional and muscle force parameters during 45° and 180° change of direction movements using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and Bayesian analyses.
Methods: Twenty male participants performed 45° and 180° change of direction movements on 2G and indoor surfaces. Lower limb kinematics were collected using an eight-camera motion capture system and ground reaction forces were quantified using
an embedded force platform. ACL, patellar tendon and patellofemoral loading was examined via a musculoskeletal modelling approaches and the frictional properties of the surfaces were examined using ground reaction force information. Differences
between surfaces were examined using SPM and Bayesian analyses.
Results: Both SPM and Bayesian analyses showed that ACL loading parameters were greater in the 2G condition in relation to the indoor surface. Conversely, SPM and Bayesian analyses confirmed that patellofemoral/ patellar tendon loading alongside the coefficient of friction and peak rotational moment were larger in the indoor condition compared to the 2G surface.
Conclusions: This study indicates that the indoor surface may improve change of direction performance owing to enhanced friction at the shoe-surface interface but augment the risk from patellar tendon/ patellofemoral injuries; whereas the 2G
condition may enhance the risk from ACL pathologies.