%PDF-1.5
%
1 0 obj
<<
/Metadata 2 0 R
/Names 3 0 R
/Outlines 4 0 R
/PageLabels <<
/Nums [0 5 0 R 1 6 0 R 2 7 0 R 3 8 0 R 4 9 0 R
5 10 0 R 6 11 0 R 7 12 0 R 8 13 0 R 9 14 0 R
10 15 0 R 11 16 0 R]
>>
/PageMode /UseOutlines
/Pages 17 0 R
/Type /Catalog
/ViewerPreferences <<
/DisplayDocTitle true
>>
>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<<
/Title (Might Temporal Logic Improve the Specification of Directed Acyclic Graphs \(DAGs\)?)
>>
endobj
2 0 obj
<<
/Length 4841
/Subtype /XML
/Type /Metadata
>>
stream
Adobe LiveCycle PDFG ES
2021-07-01T20:56:58+05:30
Arbortext Advanced Print Publisher
2021-07-01T20:56:58+05:30
2021-07-01T20:56:58+05:30
uuid:8addd02c-2a8d-4824-a074-0375b52bef83
uuid:9735c38c-787b-4f5b-aca7-e8422204bc96
Journal
Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education
© 2021 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
2693-9169
0
0
1-18
1
18
10.1080/26939169.2021.1936311
https://doi.org/10.1080/26939169.2021.1936311
application/pdf
10.1080/26939169.2021.1936311
en-US
Might temporal logic improve the specification of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs)?
Taylor & Francis
Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 2021. doi: 10.1080/26939169.2021.1936311
Ellison George T.H.
Directed acyclic graph
DAG
causal inference
statistical modelling
observational data
temporality
VoR
10.1080/26939169.2021.1936311
2021-07-06
True
www.tandfonline.com
10.1080/26939169.2021.1936311
2021-07-06
True
www.tandfonline.com
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<<
/Dests 19 0 R
>>
endobj
4 0 obj
<<
/Count 19
/First 20 0 R
/Last 20 0 R
>>
endobj
5 0 obj
<<
/S /D
>>
endobj
6 0 obj
<<
/S /D
/St 2
>>
endobj
7 0 obj
<<
/S /D
/St 3
>>
endobj
8 0 obj
<<
/S /D
/St 4
>>
endobj
9 0 obj
<<
/S /D
/St 5
>>
endobj
10 0 obj
<<
/S /D
/St 6
>>
endobj
11 0 obj
<<
/S /D
/St 7
>>
endobj
12 0 obj
<<
/S /D
/St 8
>>
endobj
13 0 obj
<<
/S /D
/St 9
>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<<
/S /D
/St 10
>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<<
/S /D
/St 11
>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<<
/S /D
/St 12
>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<<
/Count 13
/Kids [21 0 R 22 0 R]
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<<
/Kids [23 0 R 24 0 R]
>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<<
/Count 18
/Dest (Abstract.1)
/First 25 0 R
/Last 26 0 R
/Parent 4 0 R
/Title (Abstract)
>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<<
/Count 11
/Kids [27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R
37 0 R]
/Parent 17 0 R
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<<
/Count 2
/Kids [38 0 R 39 0 R]
/Parent 17 0 R
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<<
/Limits [(Abstract.1) (section*.5.4)]
/Names [(Abstract.1) 40 0 R (Doc-Start) 41 0 R (Hfootnote.4.1) 42 0 R (abstract) 43 0 R (cite.Aneshensel2002) 44 0 R
(cite.Asprem2016) 45 0 R (cite.Djulbegovic2017) 46 0 R (cite.Efron2016) 47 0 R (cite.Ellison2014a) 48 0 R (cite.Ellison2014b) 49 0 R
(cite.Ellison2020) 50 0 R (cite.Elwert2014) 51 0 R (cite.Eustace2018) 52 0 R (cite.Firpo2019) 53 0 R (cite.Gilthorpe2015) 54 0 R
(cite.Griffith2020) 55 0 R (cite.Harris1999a) 56 0 R (cite.Harris1999b) 57 0 R (cite.Herbert2020) 58 0 R (cite.Hokimoto2019) 59 0 R
(cite.Klonoff2020) 60 0 R (cite.Krieger2016) 61 0 R (cite.L2020) 62 0 R (cite.Losilla2018) 63 0 R (cite.Marsden2006) 64 0 R
(cite.Meyer2019) 65 0 R (cite.Murdoch2009) 66 0 R (cite.Porta2015) 67 0 R (cite.Richiardi2013) 68 0 R (cite.Ross2019) 69 0 R
(cite.Rowley2015) 70 0 R (cite.Sbaffi2015) 71 0 R (cite.Schelchter1985) 72 0 R (cite.Teater2017) 73 0 R (cite.Tennant2017) 74 0 R
(cite.Tennant2020) 75 0 R (cite.Textor2016) 76 0 R (cite.Tu2012) 77 0 R (cite.VanderWeele2013) 78 0 R (cite.VanderWeele2019) 79 0 R
(cite.Westreich2013) 80 0 R (cite.Wilson1983) 81 0 R (figure.10.2) 82 0 R (figure.3.1) 83 0 R (page.1) 84 0 R
(page.10) 85 0 R (page.11) 86 0 R (page.12) 87 0 R (page.2) 88 0 R (page.3) 89 0 R
(page.4) 90 0 R (page.5) 91 0 R (page.6) 92 0 R (page.7) 93 0 R (page.8) 94 0 R
(page.9) 95 0 R (section*.1) 96 0 R (section*.2) 97 0 R (section*.3) 98 0 R (section*.3.4) 99 0 R
(section*.4) 100 0 R (section*.4.4) 101 0 R (section*.5) 102 0 R (section*.5.4) 103 0 R]
>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<<
/Limits [(section.1.0.1) (table.11.4)]
/Names [(section.1.0.1) 104 0 R (section.14.0.4) 105 0 R (section.15.0.5) 106 0 R (section.5.0.2) 107 0 R (section.8.0.3) 108 0 R
(subsection.10.0.3.2) 109 0 R (subsection.11.0.3.3) 110 0 R (subsection.12.0.3.4) 111 0 R (subsection.13.0.3.5) 112 0 R (subsection.2.0.1.1) 113 0 R
(subsection.3.0.1.2) 114 0 R (subsection.4.0.1.3) 115 0 R (subsection.6.0.2.1) 116 0 R (subsection.7.0.2.2) 117 0 R (subsection.9.0.3.1) 118 0 R
(table.10.1) 119 0 R (table.10.2) 120 0 R (table.11.3) 121 0 R (table.11.4) 122 0 R]
>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<<
/Count 3
/Dest (section.1.0.1)
/First 123 0 R
/Last 124 0 R
/Next 125 0 R
/Parent 20 0 R
/Title (1. Introduction)
>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<<
/Dest (section*.5.4)
/Parent 20 0 R
/Prev 126 0 R
/Title (References)
>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<<
/Resources 127 0 R
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 634.32 833.04]
/CropBox [0 0 634.32 833.04]
/BleedBox [0 0 634.32 833.04]
/TrimBox [0 0 634.32 833.04]
/Parent 21 0 R
/Annots [128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R]
/Contents 138 0 R
>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<<
/Annots [139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R
149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R]
/BleedBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Contents 159 0 R
/CropBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/MediaBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Parent 21 0 R
/Resources 160 0 R
/Rotate 0
/TrimBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<<
/Annots [161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R 170 0 R
171 0 R 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R]
/BleedBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Contents 180 0 R
/CropBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/MediaBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Parent 21 0 R
/Resources 181 0 R
/Rotate 0
/TrimBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<<
/BleedBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Contents 182 0 R
/CropBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/MediaBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Parent 21 0 R
/Resources 183 0 R
/Rotate 0
/TrimBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<<
/Annots [184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R]
/BleedBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Contents 190 0 R
/CropBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/MediaBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Parent 21 0 R
/Resources 191 0 R
/Rotate 0
/TrimBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<<
/Annots [192 0 R 193 0 R]
/BleedBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Contents 194 0 R
/CropBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/MediaBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Parent 21 0 R
/Resources 195 0 R
/Rotate 0
/TrimBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<<
/Annots [196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R 203 0 R]
/BleedBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Contents 204 0 R
/CropBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/MediaBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Parent 21 0 R
/Resources 205 0 R
/Rotate 0
/TrimBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<<
/BleedBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Contents 206 0 R
/CropBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/MediaBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Parent 21 0 R
/Resources 207 0 R
/Rotate 0
/TrimBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
35 0 obj
<<
/Annots [208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R]
/BleedBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Contents 216 0 R
/CropBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/MediaBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Parent 21 0 R
/Resources 217 0 R
/Rotate 0
/TrimBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
36 0 obj
<<
/Annots [218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R]
/BleedBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Contents 224 0 R
/CropBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/MediaBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Parent 21 0 R
/Resources 225 0 R
/Rotate 0
/TrimBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
37 0 obj
<<
/Annots [226 0 R]
/BleedBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Contents 227 0 R
/CropBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/MediaBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Parent 21 0 R
/Resources 228 0 R
/Rotate 0
/TrimBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
38 0 obj
<<
/Annots [229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R 233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R]
/BleedBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Contents 236 0 R
/CropBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/MediaBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Parent 22 0 R
/Resources 237 0 R
/Rotate 0
/TrimBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
39 0 obj
<<
/BleedBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Contents 238 0 R
/CropBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/MediaBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Parent 22 0 R
/Resources 239 0 R
/Rotate 0
/TrimBox [0 0 594.021 792.026]
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
40 0 obj
<<
/D [28 0 R /XYZ 96 613 null]
>>
endobj
41 0 obj
<<
/D [28 0 R /XYZ 47 432 null]
>>
endobj
42 0 obj
<<
/D [31 0 R /XYZ 297 129 null]
>>
endobj
43 0 obj
<<
/D [28 0 R /XYZ 47 432 null]
>>
endobj
44 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 721 null]
>>
endobj
45 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 701 null]
>>
endobj
46 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 671 null]
>>
endobj
47 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 651 null]
>>
endobj
48 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 611 null]
>>
endobj
49 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 581 null]
>>
endobj
50 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 631 null]
>>
endobj
51 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 541 null]
>>
endobj
52 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 511 null]
>>
endobj
53 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 481 null]
>>
endobj
54 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 431 null]
>>
endobj
55 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 391 null]
>>
endobj
56 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 341 null]
>>
endobj
57 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 301 null]
>>
endobj
58 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 271 null]
>>
endobj
59 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 241 null]
>>
endobj
60 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 221 null]
>>
endobj
61 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 191 null]
>>
endobj
62 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 739 null]
>>
endobj
63 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 4 161 null]
>>
endobj
64 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 709 null]
>>
endobj
65 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 689 null]
>>
endobj
66 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 649 null]
>>
endobj
67 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 619 null]
>>
endobj
68 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 589 null]
>>
endobj
69 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 559 null]
>>
endobj
70 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 539 null]
>>
endobj
71 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 499 null]
>>
endobj
72 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 459 null]
>>
endobj
73 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 429 null]
>>
endobj
74 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 379 null]
>>
endobj
75 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 339 null]
>>
endobj
76 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 279 null]
>>
endobj
77 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 239 null]
>>
endobj
78 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 199 null]
>>
endobj
79 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 219 null]
>>
endobj
80 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 179 null]
>>
endobj
81 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 269 149 null]
>>
endobj
82 0 obj
<<
/D [33 0 R /XYZ 293 745 null]
>>
endobj
83 0 obj
<<
/D [30 0 R /XYZ 47 745 null]
>>
endobj
84 0 obj
<<
/D [28 0 R /XYZ 46 765 null]
>>
endobj
85 0 obj
<<
/D [37 0 R /XYZ 28 765 null]
>>
endobj
86 0 obj
<<
/D [38 0 R /XYZ 46 765 null]
>>
endobj
87 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 28 765 null]
>>
endobj
88 0 obj
<<
/D [29 0 R /XYZ 28 765 null]
>>
endobj
89 0 obj
<<
/D [30 0 R /XYZ 46 765 null]
>>
endobj
90 0 obj
<<
/D [31 0 R /XYZ 28 765 null]
>>
endobj
91 0 obj
<<
/D [32 0 R /XYZ 46 765 null]
>>
endobj
92 0 obj
<<
/D [33 0 R /XYZ 28 765 null]
>>
endobj
93 0 obj
<<
/D [34 0 R /XYZ 46 765 null]
>>
endobj
94 0 obj
<<
/D [35 0 R /XYZ 28 765 null]
>>
endobj
95 0 obj
<<
/D [36 0 R /XYZ 46 765 null]
>>
endobj
96 0 obj
<<
/D [28 0 R /XYZ 96 613 null]
>>
endobj
97 0 obj
<<
/D [28 0 R /XYZ 47 432 null]
>>
endobj
98 0 obj
<<
/D [38 0 R /XYZ 312 294 null]
>>
endobj
99 0 obj
<<
/D [38 0 R /XYZ 312 280 null]
>>
endobj
100 0 obj
<<
/D [38 0 R /XYZ 312 94 null]
>>
endobj
101 0 obj
<<
/D [38 0 R /XYZ 312 81 null]
>>
endobj
102 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 29 749 null]
>>
endobj
103 0 obj
<<
/D [39 0 R /XYZ 29 741 null]
>>
endobj
104 0 obj
<<
/D [28 0 R /XYZ 47 360 null]
>>
endobj
105 0 obj
<<
/D [36 0 R /XYZ 47 121 null]
>>
endobj
106 0 obj
<<
/D [38 0 R /XYZ 47 673 null]
>>
endobj
107 0 obj
<<
/D [31 0 R /XYZ 294 299 null]
>>
endobj
108 0 obj
<<
/D [33 0 R /XYZ 29 557 null]
>>
endobj
109 0 obj
<<
/D [33 0 R /XYZ 29 265 null]
>>
endobj
110 0 obj
<<
/D [33 0 R /XYZ 294 134 null]
>>
endobj
111 0 obj
<<
/D [35 0 R /XYZ 29 387 null]
>>
endobj
112 0 obj
<<
/D [35 0 R /XYZ 294 254 null]
>>
endobj
113 0 obj
<<
/D [28 0 R /XYZ 47 343 null]
>>
endobj
114 0 obj
<<
/D [28 0 R /XYZ 312 68 null]
>>
endobj
115 0 obj
<<
/D [31 0 R /XYZ 29 362 null]
>>
endobj
116 0 obj
<<
/D [31 0 R /XYZ 294 283 null]
>>
endobj
117 0 obj
<<
/D [32 0 R /XYZ 312 337 null]
>>
endobj
118 0 obj
<<
/D [33 0 R /XYZ 29 540 null]
>>
endobj
119 0 obj
<<
/D [34 0 R /XYZ 47 745 null]
>>
endobj
120 0 obj
<<
/D [34 0 R /XYZ 47 410 null]
>>
endobj
121 0 obj
<<
/D [35 0 R /XYZ 29 745 null]
>>
endobj
122 0 obj
<<
/D [35 0 R /XYZ 29 596 null]
>>
endobj
123 0 obj
<<
/Dest (subsection.2.0.1.1)
/Next 240 0 R
/Parent 25 0 R
/Title (1.1. Statistical Skills at the Heart of Evidence-Informed Policy and Practice)
>>
endobj
124 0 obj
<<
/Dest (subsection.4.0.1.3)
/Parent 25 0 R
/Prev 240 0 R
/Title (1.3. The Potential Utility of Temporal Logic to Improve the Specification of DAGs)
>>
endobj
125 0 obj
<<
/Count 2
/Dest (section.5.0.2)
/First 241 0 R
/Last 242 0 R
/Next 243 0 R
/Parent 20 0 R
/Prev 25 0 R
/Title (2. Methods)
>>
endobj
126 0 obj
<<
/Dest (section*.4.4)
/Next 26 0 R
/Parent 20 0 R
/Prev 244 0 R
/Title (Supplementary Materials)
>>
endobj
127 0 obj
<<
/Font <<
/F60 245 0 R
/F54 246 0 R
/F59 247 0 R
>>
/ProcSet [/PDF /ImageB /ImageC /Text]
/XObject <<
/Im10 248 0 R
/Im4 249 0 R
/Im14 250 0 R
/Im15 251 0 R
/Im9 252 0 R
/Im5 253 0 R
/Im2 254 0 R
/Im3 255 0 R
/Im11 256 0 R
/Im7 257 0 R
/Im1 258 0 R
/Im8 259 0 R
/Im16 260 0 R
/Im12 261 0 R
/Im6 262 0 R
/Im13 263 0 R
>>
/ColorSpace <<
/DefaultRGB [/ICCBased 264 0 R]
>>
>>
endobj
128 0 obj
<<
/Type /Annot
/Subtype /Link
/Rect [156.091 42.905 478.228 51.896]
/C [0 0 0]
/Border [0 0 0]
/A 265 0 R
/H /I
>>
endobj
129 0 obj
<<
/Type /Annot
/Subtype /Link
/Rect [283.176 688.444 437.272 696.436]
/C [0 0 0]
/Border [0 0 0]
/A 266 0 R
/H /I
>>
endobj
130 0 obj
<<
/Type /Annot
/Subtype /Link
/Rect [97.1 521.664 247.18 531.034]
/C [0 0 0]
/Border [0 0 0]
/A 267 0 R
/H /I
>>
endobj
131 0 obj
<<
/Type /Annot
/Subtype /Link
/Rect [202.3 501.094 427.29 511.084]
/C [0 0 0]
/Border [0 0 0]
/A 268 0 R
/H /I
>>
endobj
132 0 obj
<<
/Type /Annot
/Subtype /Link
/Rect [106.6 397.681 122.44 406.672]
/C [0 0 0]
/Border [0 0 0]
/A 269 0 R
/H /I
>>
endobj
133 0 obj
<<
/Type /Annot
/Subtype /Link
/Rect [131.8 401.955 269.549 410.946]
/C [0 0 0]
/Border [0 0 0]
/A 269 0 R
/H /I
>>
endobj
134 0 obj
<<
/Type /Annot
/Subtype /Link
/Rect [106.6 316.669 124.18 325.66]
/C [0 0 0]
/Border [0 0 0]
/A 270 0 R
/H /I
>>
endobj
135 0 obj
<<
/Type /Annot
/Subtype /Link
/Rect [131.8 316.155 286.982 325.146]
/C [0 0 0]
/Border [0 0 0]
/A 270 0 R
/H /I
>>
endobj
136 0 obj
<<
/Type /Annot
/Subtype /Link
/Rect [106.6 226.411 122.36 235.402]
/C [0 0 0]
/Border [0 0 0]
/A 271 0 R
/H /I
>>
endobj
137 0 obj
<<
/Type /Annot
/Subtype /Link
/Rect [131.8 230.355 230.84 239.346]
/C [0 0 0]
/Border [0 0 0]
/A 271 0 R
/H /I
>>
endobj
138 0 obj
<<
/Length 1810
/Filter /FlateDecode
>>
stream
xYKo$5ϯ?%i&3jOaZ.}U%BJN( ߯U76,?=>I7,LXrH&]~=o.uy0C]5xkV[ֺl-c=~%G=W9㻴QM+Ms_з8_<SzqFcpAm{<|7%I\ZU"=Y>wK*{ig%f[Y4qx,TE57j<6-xl [StKiYӧ6)dڼuŷ!` byy\iGZ~mC
hkF|{▿viXLɕz`"N d(GXY;("j"VzUdEϱ*PeqB(t1u&ȶ&c>KIRD6ȷ9HO뎃A惴iMYM2_u~ȨՅseUaJ|ўExBɫ4~/1CT= 7\dU7EД#OyWץ#3 Rݫosؓ̿wI\$2sE
Vlz
?Y>l8B58o,(/cyİ0則bpv["i{ڿs4Xid2+
sFג䭮J#ًӴzLr,^*h"ݏ6
FC+vxSiE^OkQ[96+?dX]Sowi7#[#%Ukb6E7h깎6*K56^/>O8ʨ]0 ?rk뾝fbWكF;e%-+Ɍ9vYznӴԞ33AMO
CO_j4!<HAUQ\"`
m/&8lvN)&^@(&;{MAh"%χd!qqy-D%IZ+~hji'Rt9Xu@ﭰ$i'9BtF&o7R{:4g@{=Tm氪m$x]6^VMnݝnu`$ԓ@jV 4y,$2a+=7NqörK/`$uT[H*RZ$!WӑQ'9|K%cV㎣|#Lͷ>^gGSBl<5ɋ[/vh\)T?ny9Be7GRMZOqpB}(>j1E1.;&v-VA3ErIf_!x>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [46.821 723.756 188.673 732.489]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
140 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/URI (https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1080/26939169.2021.1936311&domain=pdf&date_stamp=2021-07-01)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [492.897 699.69 562.893 715.686]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
141 0 obj
<<
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/Dest (cite.Teater2017)
/H /I
/Rect [210.765 255.927 231.873 267.882]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
142 0 obj
<<
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/Dest (cite.Firpo2019)
/H /I
/Rect [69.042 243.975 90.15 255.93]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
143 0 obj
<<
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/Dest (cite.Tu2012)
/H /I
/Rect [134.076 220.062 155.184 232.017]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
144 0 obj
<<
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/Dest (cite.Porta2015)
/H /I
/Rect [275.988 220.062 297.096 232.017]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
145 0 obj
<<
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/Dest (cite.Efron2016)
/H /I
/Rect [122.403 208.11 143.511 220.065]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
146 0 obj
<<
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/Dest (cite.Hokimoto2019)
/H /I
/Rect [193.404 208.11 214.512 220.065]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
147 0 obj
<<
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/Dest (cite.L2020)
/H /I
/Rect [272.541 208.11 293.649 220.065]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
148 0 obj
<<
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/Dest (cite.Firpo2019)
/H /I
/Rect [272.541 124.428 293.649 136.383]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
149 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/URI (mailto:gthellison@uclan.ac.uk)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [159.366 78.258 229.677 87.423]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
150 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/URI (http://www.tandfonline.com/ujse)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [281.532 58.332 363.633 67.722]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
151 0 obj
<<
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/Dest (cite.Ross2019)
/H /I
/Rect [440.373 402.384 461.481 414.339]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
152 0 obj
<<
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/Dest (cite.Asprem2016)
/H /I
/Rect [347.439 342.606 368.547 354.561]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
153 0 obj
<<
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/Dest (cite.Djulbegovic2017)
/H /I
/Rect [339.339 223.05 360.447 235.005]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
154 0 obj
<<
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/Dest (cite.Klonoff2020)
/H /I
/Rect [364.341 187.185 385.449 199.14]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
155 0 obj
<<
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/Dest (cite.Losilla2018)
/H /I
/Rect [503.778 187.185 524.886 199.14]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
156 0 obj
<<
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/Dest (cite.Eustace2018)
/H /I
/Rect [468.759 151.32 489.867 163.275]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
157 0 obj
<<
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/Dest (cite.Meyer2019)
/H /I
/Rect [469.974 115.455 491.082 127.41]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
158 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/URI (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [319.413 41.358 441.33 49.722]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
159 0 obj
<<
/Length 22785
/Filter /FlateDecode
>>
stream
HWˎWqᛴ
2 +__d2oGDV J6쮮ʌ̌_pp_rݡϤTRSZCh-.V\Xo]7_.|k<9sjymǷO?=հׯrAÂOҋkۇzo^z|}rǫ:hO^E}|S^y}¯\8@(wNf~lW׳_e{'d!ƵEx~;6^^}(`F.n~2Ӄsl*?t¿~|?79~95<^nbKz,{yyݽW~r(أo?wKn`x!r{Rvx#͖9{f`YųTO3~vKom74ɗ<_58k^3_8\wi;w)hP
=
W!@"75~ѽ_{v|t|-GwJnaY{0dXJZq
^,t2=Þ&{9mPx5z7l_@pШTM<")/,=. kK%rE)mpxkL8k9F"@X!Ms`9aӛ"?Vy[E *S끮!Qd^%
N5fe\;]Z=~/|檴$K^lk/" lV!JDzR
Ik%uxX@X-d@|hnw`;pKZv˳0&"OL6(@6v'7j)7W@<]֞|."kA' 5p-L]J:p>XxBd $"k'Ȫ*(1U{y;+pި&׀",mB}PLphKb*ѡ=o$Y?H?SF>)d=|.R@?CxgZjRˮ;꾡~Zvi|[C5GGe-UQOw=wM5j7M5ᦚ}OdKṼC)iBN3C<:S1atb>m}J:xlxʫPljI{\ke2}ԇGP*̡
lr(3--BC BLàzeV[gjDj~an/W$*Hd={.hp*H4tcVM/EJ]wHT%S
,`K*?g15dz6gW6