A multi-method evaluation of a compassion focused cognitive behavioural psychotherapy group for people who self-harm

Abstract

Objective
This paper describes the content and multi-method evaluation of a compassion focused cognitive behavioural psychotherapy (CBT) group for people who self-harm/injure.
Method
Quantitative questionnaires and a qualitative focus group were used for the three participants. Reflective diary contents were analysed.
Results
Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the questionnaires. This demonstrated positive reductions in the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores but no significant change in self-compassion scores. The cognitions of self-injurious behaviour scale demonstrated some positive belief change. Participants reported improved self-awareness, alternative coping and improved emotional regulation. All participants reported anger anxiety and sadness in their diaries, one reported self-hatred and another feeling dead and numb. Distraction was considered a useful strategy to avoid or delay self-harm. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used and identified six superordinate themes: ‘The secrets out! Openness & Honesty’, ‘Care without fear: calm acceptance’, ‘Skills not Spills’, ‘We’re all in it together, ‘Compassion not competition nor comparison’ and ‘Fear of flying solo’.
Conclusion
Although participants were in small numbers the combination of compassion focused therapy and CBT appears to hold future promise for further research on effectiveness.