Probing star formation and ISM properties using galaxy disk inclination. III. Evolution in dust opacity and clumpiness between redshift 0.0 < z< 0.7 constrained from UV to NIR

Abstract

Attenuation by dust severely impacts our ability to obtain unbiased observations of galaxies, especially as the amount and wavelength dependence of the attenuation varies with the stellar mass M∗, inclination i, and other galaxy properties. In this study, we used the attenuation - inclination models in ultraviolet (UV), optical, and near-infrared (NIR) bands designed by Tuffs and collaborators to investigate the average global dust properties in galaxies as a function of M∗, the stellar mass surface density µ∗, the star-formation rate S FR, the specific star-formation rate sS FR, the star-formation main-sequence offset dMS , and the star-formation rate surface density ΣS FR at redshifts z ∼ 0 and z ∼ 0.7. We used star-forming galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS; ∼ 20000) and Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA; ∼ 2000) to form our low-z sample at 0.04 < z < 0.1 and star-forming galaxies from Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS; ∼ 2000) for the sample at 0.6 < z < 0.8. We found that galaxies at z ∼ 0.7 have a higher optical depth τ f B and clumpiness F than galaxies at z ∼ 0. The increase in F hints that the stars of z ∼ 0.7 galaxies are less likely to escape their birth cloud, which might indicate that the birth clouds are larger. We also found that τfB increases with M∗ and µ∗, independent of the sample and therefore redshift. We found no clear trends in τfB or F with the S FR, which could imply that the dust mass distribution is independent of the S FR. In turn, this would imply that the balance of dust formation and destruction is independent of the S FR. Based on an analysis of the inclination dependence of the Balmer decrement, we found that reproducing the Balmer line emission requires not only a completely optically thick dust component associated with star-forming regions, as in the standard model, but an extra component of an optically thin dust within the birth clouds. This new component implies the existence of dust inside HII regions that attenuates the Balmer emission before it escapes through gaps in the birth cloud and we found it is more important in high-mass galaxies. These results will inform our understanding of dust formation and dust geometry in star-forming galaxies across redshift.