Malaria and anemia in pregnancy: A case control study on the effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment with Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine against malaria and anemia in Madina

Abstract

Malaria is a parasitic infection transmitted through the bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes carrying Plasmodium and is often complicated by anemia. This co-morbidity significantly contributes to maternal and fetal illnesses. Over the years, intermittent preventive treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) has been a key preventive measure against malaria and anemia in pregnant women. Malaria during pregnancy is a considerable public health concern, and IPTp-SP is recommended to address this issue, although concerns about resistance exist. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of IPTp-SP against malaria and anemia among pregnant women in Madina, Ghana. The research conducted a case-control study involving 174 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Madina. Blood samples were collected to assess malaria parasites and hemoglobin levels, and structured questionnaires were used to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions. The study found that the use of IPTp-SP was associated with a significantly lower prevalence of malaria (p<0.05) and higher mean hemoglobin levels (p<0.05) compared to non-users. Most women demonstrated good knowledge and positive attitudes toward IPTp-SP. Despite its effectiveness, improving compliance is necessary to optimize the benefits of IPTp-SP against malaria and anemia during pregnancy in this region.