Post-trafficking trajectories and experiences of Romanian women sexually exploited in the UK: Multiple voices and perspectives

Abstract

Sex trafficking remains a significant form of exploitation worldwide and has long been regarded as a major human rights violation. In the last 4 years, Romania has often been in the top five countries of origin for sex trafficking in the UK according to Home Office figures. To date, there is a lack of knowledge of experiences of Romanian women being trafficked to the UK and their post-trafficking experiences, with this research focusing upon these gaps. Although there is great concern over the well-being of women who have experienced sex trafficking, gaps remain in the literature concerning their post-trafficking trajectories, the short- and long-term outcomes of the experience, and how sex trafficking impacts victims' and survivors' lives. While the focus remains on their vulnerability and possible re-victimisation, there is a limited exploration of agency and resilience in the narratives on sex trafficking.
Using a feminist research framework and semi-structured in-depth interviews, the voices of Romanian survivors of sex trafficking, alongside practitioner and key informant experiences of working in the anti-trafficking field, were captured and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Sex trafficking trajectories were identified and explored.
The analysis found similarities in survivors’ stories but also unique and particular post-trafficking trajectories. Professional participants described trajectories in binary terms as ‘good’ or ‘bad’, evidencing preconceived perceptions and beliefs about sex work. Survivors encountered many challenges post-trafficking: psychological effects, trauma, anxiety, and struggled to achieve economic independence. Past vulnerabilities were exacerbated by the trafficking experience. Trust and lack of trust were perceived to contribute to or hinder recovery. Survivors who experienced supportive and authentic relationships with NGO staff, authorities and family members, reported positive impact on their well-being and recovery. Survivors conceptualised motherhood positively and it offered a source of hope for those living with their children. Migration before and after trafficking remains a complex element of survivors’ experiences, with both strengths and risks identified.
The study provides recommendations for UK and Romanian policy on law enforcement, immigration and sex work. It also highlights good practices for professionals working with victims and survivors of trafficking in both countries.