Harris, Frederick, Phoenix, David A. and Dennison, Sarah Rachel ORCID: 0000-0003-4863-9607 (2024) Antimicrobial peptides from frogs of the Glandirana genus. Biologics, 4 (4). pp. 444-507.
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Official URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8449/4/4/27
Abstract
Glandirana is a genus of frogs that includes G. rugosa, G. emeljanovi, G. minima, G. tientaiensis, G. susurra, G. nakamurai and G. reliquia. These frogs produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are endogenous antibiotics that possess antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti-endotoxin activity and help keep the hosts free from infections. In these activities, microbial death is promoted by membranolytic mechanisms that are mediated by the cationic charge and amphiphilic α-helical structures of these peptides. In general, these peptides are selective for microbes, showing low levels of haemolytic and cytotoxic activity, as well as possessing other biological activities, including anticancer, antioxidative and insulinotrophic action. In this review, a brief overview of AMPs, with a focus on those from amphibians is provided, along with the phylogeny and nomenclature of frogs and AMPs from the Glandirana genus. This review then provides a comprehensive, in-depth description of the antimicrobial and other biological activities of all AMPs produced by known frogs of the Glandirana for the period 1994 to 2024. This description includes a detailed discussion of structure / function relationships and mechanisms involved in the membrane interactions that drive these biological activities, with comparisons between AMPs from the same frog and between frogs across the genus. Based on their biological properties, AMPs from frogs of the Glandirana genus have been proposed for investigation as potential therapeutic agents, such as in the treatment of cancers and diabetes, as well as antimicrobial agents in areas, including crop protection, the food industry and oral hygiene.
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