The Effect of Two Maintenance Procedures on an Equine Arena Surface in Relation to Motion of the Hoof and Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Abstract

Maintenance procedures are reported to affect surface properties. The majority of work regarding surfaces in relation to performance and welfare is currently race track specific. The study aimed to investigate limb and hoof movement on a synthetic arena surface following two different commonly used preparations (harrowing and rolling). Nine horses were recorded using infrared cameras and retro-reflective markers, in walk, trot and canter, on two surface preparations in a cross-over design. Hoof range of motion (ROM) and displacement as well as metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) extension and third metacarpal (MCIII) inclination were analysed using ANOVA. Surface hardness and traction were also measured. Speed was monitored using a marker on the sternum. No difference was found between maintenance treatments for speed, hoof ROM or hoof displacement. Results showed significantly greater (P<.05) MCPJ extension at mid-stance following harrowing and significantly (P<.05) greater MCIII adduction at impact following harrowing, when gait was grouped. Hardness and traction were statistically similar on both treatments. Alterations to the surface cushion that do not significantly alter hardness and traction appear to be sufficient to produce subtle changes in stride characteristics. The difference in MCIII adduction shows that foot placement in the frontal plane changed, but the support that the surface gave the hoof did not. Greater MCPJ extension on the harrowed surface was unexpected and post hoc analysis identified that the position of the sternum marker relative to the planted foot was further ahead at mid-stance. A greater percentage of bodyweight on the forelimbs would produce greater extension.