The effect of progressively unstable equipment used in canine fitness and rehabilitation on standing postural control and muscle activity

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the effects of three commonly used postural exercise platforms on the stability of the thoracolumbar (TL) and lumbosacral (LS) regions and the activity of key muscles (Biceps Femoris [BF], Epaxials [E], Medial Gluteal [MG], Rectus Abdominis [RA], Triceps [T]) in dogs.
Study Design:
Nine dogs were assessed while standing across two stable platforms (stable stance), two K9FITbones (unstable stance), and on a FitPaws TRAX Peanut (Peanut). To determine spinal stability and muscle activity, angular velocities in three anatomical planes and surface electromyography were measured using Delsys Trigno Sensors.
Results:
Significant incremental stability challenges were observed across platforms. The TL region activity increased in the sagittal (p<0.001), coronal (p<0.001), and transverse (p=0.003) planes with decreasing platform stability. Similarly, the LS region angular velocity increased in the coronal and transverse plane (p<0.001), with only the sagittal plane increasing on the Peanut (p<0.001). Compared to the unstable stance, BF and MG activity was greater during stable stance (p=0.005) and the Peanut (p=0.001). RA activity was greater on the Peanut than during stable stance (p=0.041), suggesting increased abdominal muscle recruitment.
Conclusion:
Challenging standing postural control with unstable platforms provides substantial and incremental increases in spinal movement and provides insights into muscle activation within progressive rehabilitation exercises.