Items created by Hull, T Richard

2024

Lane, Jacob and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2024) Variation of flammability and smoke toxicity of upholstered furniture composites with fire retardant treatment. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 202 . pp. 140-151. ISSN 1005-0302

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 and Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 (2024) Fire Emissions and Smoke Toxicity. In: Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials. Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, 3 . CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 412-433. ISBN 9781003380689

2023

Peck, Gabrielle and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2023) Design, construction and validation of a simple, low-cost phi meter. Fire Safety Journal, 141 . ISSN 0379-7112

Hansen-Bruhn, Iben and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2023) Smoke toxicity of fire protecting timber treatments. Fire Safety Journal, 141 . p. 103977. ISSN 0379-7112

Whaley, Paul, Wattam, Stephen, Bedford, Clare ORCID: 0000-0002-6897-3293, Bell, Nia, Harrad, Stuart, Jones, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-1985-5266, Kirkbride, Thomas, Naldzhiev, Dzhordzhio, Payne, Elena et al (2023) Reconciling chemical flame retardant exposure and fire risk in domestic furniture. PLOS ONE, 18 (11).

Hansen-Bruhn, Iben and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2023) Flammability and burning behaviour of fire protected timber. Fire Safety Journal, 140 . ISSN 0379-7112

Hansen-Bruhn, Iben, Mckenna, Sean Thomas and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2023) Quantification of Hydrogen Cyanide in Fire Effluent. Journal of Fire Science . ISSN 0734-9041

2021

Jones, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-1985-5266, Peck, Gabrielle, Mckenna, Sean Thomas, Glockling, Jim L.D., Harbottle, John, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2021) Burning behaviour of rainscreen façades. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 403 . p. 123894. ISSN 0304-3894

2020

Peck, Gabrielle, Jones, Nicola ORCID: 0000-0002-1985-5266, Mckenna, Sean Thomas, Glockling, Jim L D, Harbottle, John, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2020) Smoke toxicity of rainscreen façades. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 403 . p. 123694. ISSN 0304-3894

Schulz, Judith, Kent, Darren, Crimi, Tony, Glockling, Jim L. D. and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2020) A Critical Appraisal of the UK’s Regulatory Regime for Combustible Façades. Fire Technology, 57 . pp. 261-290. ISSN 0015-2684

2019

Mckenna, Sean Thomas, Birtles, Robert, Dickens, Kathryn ORCID: 0000-0003-0925-1538, Walker, Richard, Spearpoint, Michael, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2019) Authors’ response to comments on “Flame retardants in UK furniture increase smoke toxicity more than they reduce fire growth rate". Chemosphere, 232 . pp. 512-515. ISSN 0045-6535

Mckenna, Sean Thomas, Jones, Nicola, Peck, Gabrielle, Dickens, Kathryn ORCID: 0000-0003-0925-1538, Pawelec, Weronika, Oradei, Stefano, Harris, Stephen, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2019) Fire behaviour of modern façade materials – Understanding the Grenfell Tower fire. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 368 . pp. 115-123. ISSN 0304-3894

2018

Wen, Yi, Cheng, Zhou, Li, Wenxiong, Liao, Duijun, Huang, Xiaoping, Pan, Ning, Wang, Deyi and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2018) A novel oligomer containing DOPO and ferrocene groups: Synthesis, characterization, and its application in fire retardant epoxy resin. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 156 . pp. 111-124. ISSN 0141-3910

Kandola, Baljinder K. and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2018) Special issued based on the 16th European Meeting on Fire Retardant Polymeric Materials, hosted by Universities of Bolton and Central Lancashire, UK, July 2017 [Editorial]. Elsevier.

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2018) Fire performance of sandwich panels in a modified ISO 13784-1 small room test: the influence of increased fire load for different insulation materials. Fire Technology, 54 (4). pp. 819-852. ISSN 0015-2684

Mckenna, Sean Thomas, Birtles, Robert, Dickens, Kathryn ORCID: 0000-0003-0925-1538, Walker, Richard George, Spearpoint, Michael J, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2018) Flame retardants in UK furniture increase smoke toxicity more than they reduce fire growth rate. Chemosphere, 196 . pp. 429-439. ISSN 0045-6535

2017

Liao, Dui-Jun, Xu, Qi-Kui, McCabe, Richard W., Babu, Heeralal Vignesh, Hu, Xiao-Ping, Pan, Ning, Wang, De-Yi and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2017) Ferrocene-Based Nonphosphorus Copolymer: Synthesis, High-Charring Mechanism, and Its Application in Fire Retardant Epoxy Resin. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 56 (44). pp. 12639-12643. ISSN 1520-5045

Crewe, Robert John, Lyons, Ashleigh G., Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 and Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 (2017) Asphyxiant yields from common polymers in under-ventilated fires in the large instrumented fire enclosure (LIFE). Fire Safety Journal, 91 . pp. 982-988. ISSN 0379-7112

Wang, Peng-Ji, Hu, Xiao-Ping, Liao, Dui-Jun, Wen, Yi, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Miao, Fei and Zhang, Quan-Tong (2017) Dual Fire Retardant Action: The Combined Gas and Condensed Phase Effects of Azo-Modified NiZnAl Layered Double Hydroxide on Intumescent Polypropylene. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 56 (4). pp. 920-932. ISSN 0888-5885

Zhang, Yan, Li, Xiaonan, Fang, Zhengping, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Kelarakis, Antonios ORCID: 0000-0002-8112-5176 and Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 (2017) Mechanism of enhancement of intumescent fire retardancy by metal acetates in polypropylene. Polymer degredation and Stability, 136 . pp. 139-145. ISSN 0141-3910

2016

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Brein, Dieter and Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 (2016) Quantification of toxic hazard from fires in buildings. Journal of Building Engineering, 8 . pp. 313-318.

Mckenna, Sean Thomas and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2016) The fire toxicity of polyurethane foams [Review]. Fire Science Reviews, 5 (3).

Hewitt, Fiona, Rhebat, Diana Eid, Witkowski, Artur ORCID: 0000-0002-0005-7520 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2016) An experimental and numerical model for the release of acetone from decomposing EVA containing aluminium, magnesium or calcium hydroxide fire retardants. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 127 . pp. 65-78. ISSN 0141-3910

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 and Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 (2016) Chapter 5. Generation, Sampling and Quantification of Toxic Combustion Products. In: Toxicology, Survival and Health Hazards of Combustion Products. Issues in Toxicology (23). Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), Cambridge, pp. 108-138.

Witkowski, Artur ORCID: 0000-0002-0005-7520, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2016) Thermal decomposition of polymeric materials. In: SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. Springer, pp. 167-254. ISBN 978-1-4939-2564-3

2015

Zhang, Qiangjun, Zhan, Jing, Zhou, Keqing, Lu, Hongdian, Zeng, Wenru, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Hu, Yuan and Gui, Zhou (2015) The influence of carbon nanotubes on the combustion toxicity of PP/intumescent flame retardant composites. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 115 . pp. 38-44. ISSN 01413910

Xioanan, Ren, Zong, Ruowen, Hu, Yuan, Siuming, Lo, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2015) Numerical simulation of decomposition of Polymer Nano-composites: Investigation of the Influence of the Char Structure. Energy Procedia, 66 . pp. 165-168. ISSN 1876-6102

Jiang, Shu-Dong, Song, Lei, Zeng, Wen-Ru, Huang, Zheng-Qi, Zhan, Jing, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Hu, Yuan and Hu, Wei-Zhao (2015) Self-Assembly Fabrication of Hollow Mesoporous Silica@Co–Al Layered Double Hydroxide@Graphene and Application in Toxic Effluents Elimination. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 7 (16). pp. 8506-8514. ISSN 1944-8244

Zhang, Y, Liu, X, Cao, Z, Fang, Z, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 and Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 (2015) Synthesis of Zinc Phosphonated Poly(ethylene imine) and Its Fire-Retardant Effect in Low-Density Polyethylene. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 54 (13). pp. 3247-3256. ISSN 0888-5885

Witkowski, Artur ORCID: 0000-0002-0005-7520, Girardin, Bertrand, Försth, Michael, Hewitt, Fiona, Fontaine, Gaëlle, Duquesne, Sophie, Bourbigot, Serge and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2015) Development of an anaerobic pyrolysis model for fire retardant cable sheathing materials. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 113 . pp. 208-217. ISSN 01413910

Girardin, B, Delineau, L, Försth, M, Hewitt, Fiona, Witkowski, Artur ORCID: 0000-0002-0005-7520, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Fontaine, G, Duquesne, S et al (2015) Small scale tests and numerical modeling of fire perfomance for electrical cable. In: 14th International Conference and Exhibition on Fire and Materials 2015, 2 - 4 February 2015, Hyatt Hotel Fisherman's Wharf Hotel; San Francisco; United States. (Unpublished)

2014

Hong, Ningning, Zhan, Jing, Wang, Xin, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Ge, Hua, Xing, Weiyi, Song, Lei and Hu, Yuan (2014) Enhanced mechanical, thermal and flame retardant properties by combining graphene nanosheets and metal hydroxide nanorods for Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene copolymer composite. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 64 . pp. 203-210. ISSN 1359835X

Jiang, Shu-Dong, Bai, Zhi-Man, Tang, Gang, Song, Lei, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Zhan, Jing and Hu, Yuan (2014) Fabrication of Ce-doped MnO2 decorated graphene sheets for fire safety applications of epoxy composites: flame retardancy, smoke suppression and mechanism. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2 (41). pp. 17341-17351. ISSN 0959-9428

Molyneux, Shirley, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2014) The effect of gas phase flame retardants on fire effluent toxicity. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 106 . pp. 36-46. ISSN 0141-3910

Hu, Weizhao, Zhan, Jing, Hong, Ningning, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Song, Lei, Wang, Jian and Hu, Yuan (2014) Flame retardant polystyrene copolymers: preparation, thermal properties, and fire toxicities. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 25 (6). pp. 631-637. ISSN 1042-7147

Wu, Zhonggang, Yang, Lizhong, Zhan, Jing, Chen, Yanqiu, Zhou, Xiaodong, Hu, Yuqi, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2014) Experimental study on polystyrene with intumescent flame retardants from different scale experiments. Fire and Materials . n/a-n/a. ISSN 03080501

Hu, Weizhao, Zhan, Jing, Wang, Xin, Hong, Ningning, Wang, Bibo, Song, Lei, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Wang, Jian et al (2014) Effect of Functionalized Graphene Oxide with Hyper-Branched Flame Retardant on Flammability and Thermal Stability of Cross-Linked Polyethylene. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 53 (8). pp. 3073-3083. ISSN 0888-5885

Crewe, Robert John, Andrews, Stephen Paul ORCID: 0000-0003-0878-1182, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Birbeck, Paul N. and Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 (2014) Combustion and Toxic Gas Production from Disposable Barbecues in Enclosures. Journal of Forensic Science, 59 (1). pp. 127-138. ISSN 0022-1198

Hong, Ningning, Song, Lei, Wang, Bibo, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Zhan, Jing and Hu, Yuan (2014) Co-precipitation synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/NiAl-layered double hydroxide hybrid and its application in flame retarding poly(methyl methacrylate). Materials Research Bulletin, 49 (1). pp. 657-664. ISSN 0025-5408

Crewe, Robert John, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Walker, Richard, Shaw, John E. A., Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Rhodes, Jennifer and Garcia-Sorribes, Tamar ORCID: 0000-0001-5540-9995 (2014) Experimental Results of a residential House Fire Test on Tenability: Temperature, Smoke and Gas Analyses. Forensic Science International, 59 (1). pp. 139-154. ISSN 0379-0738

Jiang, Shu-Dong, Bai, Zhi-Man, Tang, Gang, Song, Lei, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Hu, Yuan and Hu, Wei-Zhao (2014) Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica@Co–Al Layered Double Hydroxide Spheres: Layer-by-Layer Method and Their Effects on the Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resins. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6 (16). pp. 14076-14086. ISSN 1944-8244

2013

Purser, J.A., Purser, D.A., Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Moffatt, Colin, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Su, J.Z., Bijloos, M. and Blomqvist, P. (2013) Repeatability and reproducibility of the ISO/TS 19700 steady state tube furnace. Fire Safety Journal, 55 . pp. 22-34.

Hong, Ningning, Song, Lei, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Wang, Bibo, Pan, Ying and Hu, Yuan (2013) Facile preparation of graphene supported Co3O4 and NiO for reducing fire hazards of polyamide 6 composites. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 142 (2-3). pp. 531-538. ISSN 02540584

Lowden, Laura and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2013) Flammability behaviour of wood and a review of the methods for its reduction. Fire Science Reviews, 2 (1). p. 4. ISSN 2193-0414

2012

Witkowski, Artur ORCID: 0000-0002-0005-7520, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2012) The influence of metal hydroxide fire retardants and nanoclay on the thermal decomposition of EVA. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 97 (11). pp. 2231-2240. ISSN 01413910

Witkowski, Artur ORCID: 0000-0002-0005-7520, Hollingberry, Luke A. and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2012) Fire Retardancy of mineral fillers in EVA copolymers. In: Fire and Polymers VI: New Advances in Flame Retardant Chemistry and Science. ACS Symposium Series (1118). American Chemical Society (ACS), Washington, DC, USA, pp. 97-111. ISBN 978-0-841-22780-4

Patel, Parina, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Naffakh, Mohammed, Diez-Pascual, Ana M., Ellis, Gary, Safronava, Natallia and Lyon, Richard E. (2012) Flammability properties of PEEK and carbon nanotube composites. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 97 (12). pp. 2492-2502.

Hollingbery, L.A. and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2012) The fire retardant effects of huntite in natural mixtures with hydromagnesite. Polymer Degradation and Stability . ISSN 01413910

Hollingbery, L.A. and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2012) The thermal decomposition of natural mixtures of huntite and hydromagnesite. Thermochimica Acta, 528 . pp. 45-52. ISSN 00406031

2011

Patel, Parina, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 and Moffatt, Colin (2011) PEEK polymer flammability and the inadequacy of the UL-94 classification. Fire and Materials . ISSN 0308-0501

Patel, Parina, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Lyon, Richard E. (2011) Influence of physical properties on polymer flammability in the cone calorimeter. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 22 (7). pp. 1100-1107. ISSN 1042-7147

Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2011) Assessment of the fire toxicity of building insulation materials. Energy and Buildings, 43 (2-3). pp. 498-506. ISSN 03787788

Kaczorek, K, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2011) Carbon monoxide generation in fires: effect of temperature on halogenated and aromatic fuels. In: 10th International Symposium on Fire Safety Science.

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Witkowski, Artur ORCID: 0000-0002-0005-7520 and Hollingbery, Luke (2011) Fire retardant action of mineral fillers. Polymer degredation and Stability, 96 (8). pp. 1462-1469. ISSN 0141-3910

Patel, Parina, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Lyon, Richard E., Stoliarov, Stanislav I., Walters, Richard N., Crowley, Sean and Safronava, Natallia (2011) Investigation of the thermal decomposition and flammability of PEEK and its carbon and glass-fibre composites. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 96 (1). pp. 12-22. ISSN 01413910

2010

Hollingbery, LA and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2010) The thermal decomposition of huntite and hydromagnesite —A review. Thermochimica Acta, 509 (1-2). pp. 1-11. ISSN 00406031

Sacristán, Marta, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Stec, Anna A, Ronda, Joan C., Galià, Marina and Cádiz, Virginia (2010) Cone calorimetry studies of fire retardant soybean-oil-based copolymers containing silicon or boron: Comparison of additive and reactive approaches. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 95 (7). pp. 1269-1274. ISSN 01413910

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2010) Bench-scale Generation of Fire Effluents: Chapter 12. In: Fire toxicity. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge. ISBN 978-1845695026

Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 and Purser, David (2010) Effect of the Material and Fire Conditions on Toxic Product Yields: Chapter 14. In: Fire toxicity. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge. ISBN 978-1845695026

Purser, David, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2010) Fire scenarios and combustion conditions: Chapter 2. In: Fire toxicity. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge. ISBN 978-1845695026

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 and Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 (2010) An International Standardised Framework for Prediction of Fire Gas Toxicity: Chapter 17. In: Fire toxicity. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge. ISBN 978-1845695026

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 and Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 (2010) Introduction to fire toxicity, Chapter 1. In: Fire toxicity. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge. ISBN 978-1845695026

Patel, Parina, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Mccabe, Richard W., Flath, Dianne, Grasmeder, John and Percy, Mike (2010) Mechanism of thermal decomposition of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) from a review of decomposition studies. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 95 (5). pp. 709-718. ISSN 01413910

Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2010) Experimental methods in combustion toxicology. In: Fire Toxicity. Woodhead Publishing, pp. 217-228. ISBN 978-1-84569-502-6

Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2010) Fire Effluent Toxicity: Bench-Scale Generation of Toxic Products. In: 6th International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards, April, 2010, Leeds.

Grewolls, K, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Purser, D.A (2010) Fire Effluent Toxicity: Possibilities and Limitations of Modelling Hazard. In: 6th International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards, April, 2010, Leeds.

Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2010) Fire Effluent Toxicity:Yields and effects from common materials under different fire conditions. In: 6th International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards, April, 2010, Leeds.

Hollingbery, L.A. and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2010) The fire retardant behaviour of huntite and hydromagnesite – A review. Polymer Degradation and Stability . ISSN 01413910

2009

Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2009) Fire Toxicity and its Assessment. In: Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, 2nd Edition. CRC Press, London, pp. 453-477. ISBN 978-1420083996

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Nazare, Shonali (2009) Fire Retardant Effects of Polymer Nanocomposites. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 9 (7). pp. 4478-4486. ISSN 1533-4880

Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Torero, José L., Carvel, Ricky, Rein, Guillermo, Bourbigot, Serge, Samym, F., Camino, Giovanni, Fina, Alberto et al (2009) Effects of Fire Retardants and Nanofillers on the Fire Toxicity. In: Fire and Polymers V. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES, 1013 (1013). American Chemical Society (ACS), Washington, DC, pp. 342-366. ISBN 9780841269880

Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2009) The effect of Fire Retardants and Nanofillers on the Fire Toxicity of Four Common Polymers. In: Fire and Polymers V. American Chemical Society (ACS), pp. 342-366. ISBN 9780841269880

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and May, Adam (2009) Fire retardant mechanism of Acrylonitrile Copolymers containing Nanoclay. In: Fire and Polymers V - materials and concepts for fire retardancy. ACS Symposium Series (1013). American Chemical Society (ACS), Washington, DC, pp. 118-147. ISBN 9780841269880

Wang, De-Yi, Song, Yan-Peng, Wang, Jun-Sheng, Ge, Xin-Guo, Wang, Yu-Zhong, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2009) Double In Situ Approach for the Preparation of Polymer Nanocomposite with Multi-functionality. Nanoscale Research Letters, 4 (4). pp. 303-306. ISSN 1931-7573

Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, PURSER, J A and PURSER, D A (2009) Comparison of toxic product yields from bench-scale to ISO room. Fire Safety Journal, 44 (1). pp. 62-70. ISSN 03797112

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 and Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 (2009) Polymers and Fire. In: Fire Retardancy of Polymers: New Strategies and Mechanisms. Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), Cambridge, pp. 1-14. ISBN 978-0-85404-149-7

Wang, De-Yi, Liu, Xue-Qi, Wang, Jun-Sheng, Wang, Yu-Zhong, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2009) Preparation and characterisation of a novel fire retardant PET/α-zirconium phosphate nanocomposite. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 94 (4). pp. 544-549. ISSN 01413910

Nazare, S., Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Biswas, B., Samyn, F., Bourbigot, S., Jama, C., Castrovinci, A. and Camino, G. (2009) Study of the Relationship Between Flammability and Melt Rheological Properties of Flame-Retarded Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) Containing Nanoclays. In: Fire Retardancy of Polymers: New Strategies and Mechanisms. Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), Cambridge, pp. 168-183. ISBN 978-0-85404-149-7

2008

Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Lebek, K., Purser, J. A. and Purser, D. A. (2008) The effect of temperature and ventilation condition on the toxic product yields from burning polymers. Fire and Materials, 32 (1). pp. 49-60. ISSN 03080501

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Lebek, K and Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 (2008) Assessment of fire toxicity - relationship between small and large scale test data. In: 5th International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards, April 2007, University of Edinburgh.

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2008) Challenges in Fire Testing: Reaction to Fire Tests and Assessment of Fire Toxicity. In: Advances in Fire Retardant Materials. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, pp. 255-290.

SAMYN, F, BOURBIGOT, S, JAMA, C, BELLAYER, S, NAZARE, S, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, FINA, A, CASTROVINCI, A and CAMINO, G (2008) Characterisation of the dispersion in polymer flame retarded nanocomposites. European Polymer Journal, 44 (6). pp. 1631-1641. ISSN 00143057

Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 and Lebek, K (2008) Characterisation of the steady state tube furnace (ISO TS 19700) for fire toxicity assessment. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 93 (11). pp. 2058-2065. ISSN 01413910

Stec, A A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Purser, J A, Blomqvist, P and Lebek, K (2008) A Comparison of Toxic Product Yields Obtained From Five Laboratories Using the Steady State Tube Furnace (ISO TS 19700). In: 9th International Symposium on Fire safety Science, 21-26 september 2008, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Lebek, K., Pezzani, M. and Messa, S. (2008) Comparison of toxic product yields of burning cables in bench and large-scale experiments. Fire Safety journal, 43 (2). pp. 140-150. ISSN 0379-7112

SAMYN, F, BOURBIGOT, S, JAMA, C, BELLAYER, S, NAZARE, S, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, CASTROVINCI, A, FINA, A and CAMINO, G (2008) Crossed characterisation of polymer-layered silicate (PLS) nanocomposite morphology: TEM, X-ray diffraction, rheology and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. European Polymer Journal, 44 (6). pp. 1642-1653. ISSN 00143057

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Robinson, James (2008) Development of standards for assessment of fire effluent toxicity and their application to cable installations. In: 57th International Wire and Cable Symposium 2008, 2008, Charlotte, NC.

Kandola, B. K., Smart, G., Horrocks, A. R., Joseph, P., Zhang, S., Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Ebdon, J., Hunt, B. and Cook, A. (2008) Effect of different compatibilisers on nanoclay dispersion, thermal stability, and burning behavior of polypropylene-nanoclay blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 108 (2). pp. 816-824. ISSN 0021-8995

WANG, D, LIU, Y, GE, X, WANG, Y, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, BISWAS, B, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 and PRICE, D (2008) Effect of metal chelates on the ignition and early flaming behaviour of intumescent fire-retarded polyethylene systems. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 93 (5). pp. 1024-1030. ISSN 01413910

Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Torero, José L., Carvel, Ricky, Rein, Guillermo, Bourbigot, Serge, Samym, F., Camino, Giovanni, Fina, Alberto et al (2008) Effects of Fire Retardants and Nanofillers on the Fire Toxicity. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society . p. 342.

Kandola, B. K. and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2008) FRPM'07 special edition. Polymer degredation and Stability, 93 (11). p. 1985. ISSN 0141-3910

Paul, K, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Lebek, K and Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 (2008) Fire smoke toxicity: The effect of nitrogen oxides. Fire Safety Journal, 43 (4). pp. 243-251. ISSN 0379-7112

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Paul, K T (2008) Hydrogen Chloride in Fires. In: 9th International Symposium on Fire safety Science, 21-26 september 2008, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, Nazare, Shonali, Wang, De-Yi, Kandola, Baljinder and Price, Dennis (2008) TGA-FTIR Investigation of the Fire Retardant Mechanism of Acrylonitrile Copolymers Containing Nanofillers. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 235 .

Price, D., Cunliffe, L. K., Bullet, K. J., Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Milnes, G. J., Ebdon, J. R., Hunt, B. J. and Joseph, P. (2008) Thermal behavior of covalently bonded phosphonate flame-retarded poly(methyl methacrylate) systems. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 19 (6). pp. 710-723. ISSN 1042-7147

Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468 and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2008) Toxic combustion products from fire nanocomposite polymers. In: 5th International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards, April 2007, University of Edinburgh.

2007

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 and Schartel, B (2007) Development of fire retarded materials - interpretation of cone calorimeter data. Fire and Materials, 31 (5). pp. 327-354. ISSN 10991018

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 and Paul, K (2007) Bench-scale assessment of combustion toxicity—A critical analysis of current protocols. Fire Safety Journal, 42 (5). pp. 340-365. ISSN 0379-7112

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Stec, Anna A ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-0468, LEBEK, K and PRICE, D (2007) Factors affecting the combustion toxicity of polymeric materials. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 92 (12). pp. 2239-2246. ISSN 01413910

WANG, D, LIU, Y, WANG, Y, ARTILES, C, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 and PRICE, D (2007) Fire retardancy of a reactively extruded intumescent flame retardant polyethylene system enhanced by metal chelates. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 92 (8). pp. 1592-1598. ISSN 01413910

Liu, Lei, Hu, Yuan, Song, Lei, Chen, Hao, Nazare, Shonali and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2007) Lamellar hybrid from octa(γ-chloroaminopropyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes and anionic surfactant by ion-exchange reaction. Materials Letters, 61 (4-5). pp. 1077-1081. ISSN 0167577X

Horrocks, A. Richard, Kandola, Baljinder K., Smart, Gillian, Zhang, Sheng and Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208 (2007) Polypropylene fibers containing dispersed clays having improved fire performance. I. Effect of nanoclays on processing parameters and fiber properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 106 (3). pp. 1707-1717. ISSN 0021-8995

Price, D, Cunliffe, L, Bullett, K, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Milnes, G, Ebdon, J, Hunt, B and Jospeph, P (2007) Thermal behaviour of covalently bonded phosphate and phosphonate flame retardant polystyrene systems. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 92 (6). pp. 1101-1114. ISSN 0141-3910

ZHANG, S, Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, HORROCKS, A, SMART, G, KANDOLA, B, EBDON, J, JOSEPH, P and HUNT, B (2007) Thermal degradation analysis and XRD characterisation of fibre-forming synthetic polypropylene containing nanoclay. Polymer degredation and Stability, 92 (4). pp. 727-732. ISSN 0141-3910

2006

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Horrocks, AR, Kandola, B and Zhang, S (2006) Flammability, degradation and structural characterization of fibre-forming polypropylene containing nanoclay-flame retardant combinations. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 91 (4). pp. 719-725. ISSN 01413910

2002

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Purser, DA, Areri, IG and Quinn, RE (2002) Combustion toxicity of fire retarded EVA. Polymer degredation and Stability, 77 (2). ISSN 0141-3910

2001

Hull, T Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-7970-4208, Price, D, Milnes, G J and Pyrah, K (2001) Flame retarding poly(methyl methacrylate) with phosphorus-containing compounds: comparison of an additive with a reactive approach. Polymer degredation and Stability, 74 (3). pp. 441-447. ISSN 0141-3910