Factors Promoting Negative Symptoms and Strength Factors Following Institutional Child Abuse In Residential Settings

Abstract

The overall aim of the research presented in this thesis was to explore the negative impacts of institutional child abuse occurring in a residential setting, along with developing a better understanding of strength factors that protect against these negative impacts. A further aim was to examine the role that disclosure of institutional abuse plays in recovery. A mixed method approach was used. This included a systematic review of the literature, a Delphi study exploring the view of professionals, a qualitative survey examining the view of victims, and a Rapid Evidence Assessment of serious case reviews and online reports. Following this, a series of questionnaires were used to further explore the findings from earlier studies. Overall, findings revealed a range of negative impacts including to mental health and wellbeing, future life chances in relation to relationships and employment, and changes to behaviour. Strength factors were identified, such as positive self-esteem, proactive coping, and resilience. Personality functioning difficulties in relation to the self and negative experiences prior to placement in care were found to exacerbate the impacts of institutional abuse. Finally, it was noted that responses to disclosure play a role in future outcomes for the victim and that a lack of understanding and social support may act as barriers to disclosure. The practical implications of the research are outlined and discussed.