Copyright in any work made available on the University of Lancashire's Research repository remains the property of the owner. Authors retain their copyright unless this has been explicitly transferred to a publisher or other third party via a Copyright Transfer Agreement (CTA). In uploading work to the research repository - Lancashire Online Knowledge, or asking an administrator to do so on their behalf, authors grant the University of Lancashire the non-exclusive right to to store, manage and make available on the internet the work in any digital format that is necessary to maintain the integrity of the work and its accessibility in perpetuity. This is done with the understanding that it is the authors responsibility to ensure they have the right to deposit the work and to grant this license.

Journal Articles and Book Chapters on Lancashire Online Knowledge

The University of Lancashire has an Open Access Policy (internal only) which follows the principle that the results of research that has been publicly funded should be freely accessible in the public domain. To that end “all research output since January 2008 - or the start of employment with the University of Lancashire whichever is the later - must be deposited in the University of Lancashire's Repository - Lancashire Online Knowledge, at the latest upon publication” (University of Lancashire's Open Access policy Appendix A, July 2015). Deposit includes the registering of bibliographic details of the work and deposit of the full text, usually in the form of the Author Accepted Manuscript or the version of record. The version deposited should be representative of the final published work. This policy operates in line with UKRI Open Access policies and Research England requirements for REF evaluation. Requirements for Research England and UKRI compliance are regarded as a minimum and deposit of works not covered by these policies is expected as described by the University of Lancashire's policy.

The Research Repository - Lancashire Online Knowledge facilitates the Open Access policy while enabling the interests of the authors and other owners of copyright in the works deposited to be respected and protected. Adherence to Open Access policies takes into account publisher contracts and self-archiving policies. The Research Repository - Lancashire Online Knowledge offers restricted access and embargo functionality and links to JISC services that aggregate publisher and funder information Open Access policies to assist with policy discovery. Lancashire Online Knowledge is also integrated into the University of Lancashire's services providing funding and support for Article Processing Charges (APCs) for hybrid, or full Open Access publishing options as well as other unfunded Open Access options.

Theses

The University of Lancashire's academic regulations require that theses and dissertations submitted as part fulfilment for qualification for research degrees are presented in an electronic format and that these are deposited on Lancashire Online Knowledge. However, as unpublished works, Copyright in theses and dissertations remain with the authors. Therefore, we require that a licence to store, distribute and manage the work is also signed by the submitting student. This licence includes details of how the work can be used by people discovering and downloading the work; on how automated internet tools such as harvesters and ‘bots’ will have access to the work; and on how information about the work – bibliographic metadata – will remain visible on Lancashire Online Knowledge even if the work itself is taken down or hidden from access. This licence is non-exclusive, does not prevent the student from granting similar, non-exclusive rights to others or from publishing the work, or parts thereof, themselves. The licence does not affect the authors’ moral rights and the University has obligations to preserve the integrity and quality of the work while it is in its care.

Where there are specific reasons why a thesis cannot be made publicly on and Open Access basis these can be stated and access to the work will be restricted either indefinitely or for a set period. These reasons will be included in any consideration of any Freedom of information requests.

Authors should consider whether their thesis contains:

1. Substantial amounts of material where the Copyright is owned by a third party – possibly a corporate partner or sponsor of the research
2. Information which could, if made publicly available, compromise a patent application
3. Materials that are the subject of confidentiality agreements or that may compromise personal or commercial confidentiality

They should also consider whether they intend publishing journal articles of books which will substantially reproduce the work presented in their thesis.

Positive answers to these questions do not preclude deposit or Open Access availability of the thesis as long or short term embargoes, redaction and removal of parts of the materials to hidden appendices allow us to comply with the academic regulations while protecting the rights of the author and any third parties.

Deposit of theses on Lancashire Online Knowledge requires acknowledgement from the author of these issues and a declaration that publication of the work on Lancashire Online Knowledge will not to their knowledge infringe the rights of third parties. This is in line with the declarations required by publishers of academic journals and books

Copyright Responsibilities

Responsibility for the content of works uploaded to the repository lies with the authors and creators of the works. The deposit process requires that researchers and research students declare that they have the authority to deposit work and that they have exercised due diligence in ensuring their work is original and that they are not infringing any intellectual property laws or other legislation. They must assume responsibility for any breach discovered and agree that the university does not hold any obligation to take legal action on behalf of any rights holder or the author. This waiver is also applied where an administrator is delegated responsibility for uploading works on the authors’ behalf. For research students the deposit licence includes a statement whereby the student agrees that the university is not responsible for errors of accidental infringements, and neither will it be obliged to take legal action on behalf of any rights holders.

The university is obliged to ensure that reasonable care is taken to prevent general infringement of third party copyright and has in place policies, procedures and advice to ensure that this does not happen. Any doubts or concerns felt by authors should be raised with the Repository Manager who will be able to recommend a course, or courses, of action to ensure that deposits do not infringe the law.

Contact clok@uclan.ac.uk if you have any questions or concerns.

If you feel that your rights have been infringed by any material on the Lancashire Online Knowledge repository, please refer to the Takedown policy and also contact clok@uclan.ac.uk for the speediest response.

Copyright Protection of Works on Lancashire Online Knowledge

The research Repository - Lancashire Online Knowledge adopts the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND licence by default. Where an item is presented on the Research Repository - Lancashire Online Knowledge under a different licence, denoted by CC Attribution (e.g. CC-BY, or CC-0) the terms of that licence supersede the default licence.

This licence does not impact upon, or overwrite any existing Copyright or other legislative requirements and a similar licence is extended over the repository database itself and its collections. Database rights in this repository rest with the University of Lancashire.

The Creative Commons licences offer standardized and clear protection for users of works on the repository as well as depositors. It allows end users to copy, distribute, play and perform the work and make derivative works as long as full attribution is given citing both the author and source, the use of the work is non-commercial and derivatives are shared and distributed under the same licence.

End User Agreement

1. Copyright and other intellectual property rights subsist in the repository site, content, and metadata.
2. You may reproduce, display, perform, or distribute single copies of the content held within the repository in any format or medium for personal research, study, educational, non-commercial or not-for-profit purposes only.
3. You agree to provide full bibliographic details, author(s), title, a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page when re-using content from the repository. Mention of the repository is appreciated but not mandatory.
4. You may not further copy, reproduce, distribute, display, perform or publish any part of the content held within the repository, including the metadata, in any format or medium for any other purpose except where you have obtained written permission from the rights owner(s) or as is expressly permitted by licence.
5. You may not use, in full or in part, any of the content held within the repository, including the metadata, for any direct commercial purpose.
6. You may not alter the content in any way except as expressly permitted by licence.
7. You may use hyperlinks to link to the repository, its pages and the content held within it without prior written consent providing the relevant page is displayed in the same form without any amendment or framing.
8. Whole items must not be harvested by robots except transiently for full-text indexing or citation analysis.
9. Nothing in this Agreement is intended to reduce, limit or restrict any limitations or exceptions provided for under copyright law or other applicable laws.

1. Anyone may access the metadata free of charge.
2. The metadata may be re-used in any medium without prior permission for not-for-profit purposes and re-sold commercially provided the OAI Identifier or a link to the original metadata record are given.

1. Access to some or all full items is controlled.
2. Copies of full items generally can be:
   1. reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium
   2. for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.
   provided:
   1. the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given
   2. a hyperlink and/or URL are given for the original metadata page
   3. the content is not changed in any way
3. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holders.

1. This is an institutional or departmental repository.
2. Lancashire Online Knowledge holds all types of materials.
3. Deposited items may include:
   1. working drafts
   2. submitted versions (as sent to journals for peer-review)
   3. accepted versions (author's final peer-reviewed drafts)
   4. published versions (publisher-created files)
4. Items are individually tagged with:
   1. their version type and date.
   2. their peer-review status.
   3. their publication status.

1. Items may only be deposited by accredited members of the organisation, or their delegated agents.
2. Eligible depositors must deposit bibliographic metadata for all their publications. Where deposition is carried out by an administrator, it is the responsibility of the University of Lancashire's author to ensure and maintain the accuracy of the record..
3. The administrator only vets items for the eligibility of authors/depositors, relevance to the scope of Lancashire Online Knowledge, valid layout & format, and the exclusion of spam
4. The validity and authenticity of the content of submissions is the sole responsibility of the depositing author
5. Items can be deposited at any time, but will not be made publicly visible until any publishers' or funders' embargo period has expired.
6. Any copyright violations are entirely the responsibility of the authors/depositors.
7. If Lancashire Online Knowledge receives proof of copyright violation, the relevant item will be removed immediately.
8. Where there is a request for a deposit to be made publicly available ahead of acceptance for publication in a journal or through a book publisher, Associate Deans for Research and Knowledge Exchange (or equivalent )  will be asked to confirm that the nature of the material is suitable for publishing on Lancashire Online Knowledge and that there is no detriment to the University in doing so.
9. Where an author is publishing in pre-print form on a subject repository (e.g. ARXiV) or open peer review platform, it is recommended that a link to the platform is added onto Lancashire Online Knowledge and that manuscripts are uploaded following acceptance for publication

1. Items will be retained indefinitely.
2. Lancashire Online Knowledge will try to ensure continued readability and accessibility.
   1. Items will be migrated to new file formats where necessary.
   2. Where possible, software emulations will be provided to access un-migrated formats.
   3. It may not be possible to guarantee the readability of some unusual file formats.
3. Lancashire Online Knowledge regularly backs up its files according to current best practice.
4. The original bit stream is retained for all items, in addition to any upgraded formats.
5. Items may not normally be removed from Lancashire Online Knowledge.
6. Acceptable reasons for withdrawal include:
   1. Proven copyright violation or plagiarism
   2. Legal requirements and proven violations
   3. National Security
   4. Falsified research
7. Withdrawn items are not deleted per se, but are removed from public view.
8. Withdrawn items' identifiers/URLs are retained indefinitely.
9. URLs will continue to point to 'tombstone' citations, to avoid broken links and to retain item histories.
10. Changes to deposited items are not permitted.
11. Errata and corrigenda lists may be included with the original record if required.
12. If necessary, an updated version may be deposited.
13. In the event of Lancashire Online Knowledge being closed down, the database will be transferred to another appropriate archive.